National Supervisory Authority & Licensing Qualification Dossier • European Economic Area & Switzerland
BaFin
Germany (European Union)Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht
Source / Native Reference: 德国联邦金融管理局
- Supervisory tier
- Tier-1
- License classes
- 3
- Licensed records
- 30
- Active / regulated
- 25
Statutory Supervisory Mandate & Scope
Supervises credit institutions (jointly with Deutsche Bundesbank and ECB), investment firms (Wertpapierinstitute), asset managers (KVGs), payment institutions, and Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs) in Germany.
Prudential Tier Assessment
Tier-1Integrated G7 & Eurozone federal financial supervisor overseeing banking, securities, insurance, and statutory crypto custody under KWG, WpIG, WpHG, and EU MiCA.
National licensing qualifications & statutory authorisation classes (BaFin)
Authorisation categories, permitted institutional and retail activities, minimum initial capital adequacy, and ongoing prudential solvency rules enforced by BaFin in Germany (European Union).
| License class / code | Official designation | Permitted institutional & retail activities | Minimum initial / base capital | Ongoing prudential & solvency rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WpIG Class 1 / 2 (§ 15 WpIG — Eigenhandel) | Securities Institution — Proprietary Dealing & Market Making | Principal dealing, market making, underwriting, and operating a Multilateral or Organised Trading Facility (MTF/OTF). | EUR €750,000 initial capital (or EUR €5,000,000 for systemic Class 1 CRR-equivalent investment firms). | IFR K-Factor capital adequacy, MaRisk risk management framework, and Bundesbank monthly solvency reporting. |
| WpIG Medium / Small (§ 15 WpIG — Finanzkommission / Anlageverwaltung) | Securities Institution — Brokerage & Portfolio Management | Principal brokerage, investment broking, contract broking, and discretionary portfolio management. | EUR €150,000 initial capital (if holding client money/securities) or EUR €75,000 (non-custodial advisory/transmission). | Fixed Overheads Requirement (25% of prior year fixed overheads) + annual WpHG compliance audit. |
| MiCA CASP (Art. 59–63 Reg (EU) 2023/1114) | Crypto-Asset Service Provider (Custody, Trading Platform & Exchange) | Custody and administration of crypto-assets, operation of a crypto trading platform, crypto-to-fiat exchange, and order execution across all 27 EU Member States. | EUR €150,000 (Class 3 Trading Platform), EUR €125,000 (Class 2 Custody & Exchange), or EUR €50,000 (Class 1 Advisory/Order Reception). | Higher of permanent minimum capital or 25% of preceding year fixed overheads + DORA ICT resilience & bankruptcy-remote wallet segregation. |
Investor compensation, client money segregation & digital-asset regime
Statutory counterparty protections, custody reconciliation mandates, and virtual-asset licensing status under BaFin.
Entschädigungseinrichtung der Wertpapierhandelsunternehmen (EdW) / Entschädigungseinrichtung deutscher Banken (EdB)
- Maximum coverage per client
- EUR €20,000 (90% of liabilities) for securities claims via EdW; EUR €100,000 per depositor for credit institutions via EdB
- Eligible counterparties & scope
- Retail and small corporate clients (institutional credit institutions, insurers, and public bodies excluded).
§ 84 WpHG & MaComp BT 10 (Segregation of Client Financial Instruments and Funds)
- Reconciliation & audit cadence
- Daily reconciliation of segregated escrow accounts (Treuhandkonten); strict prohibition on using retail client funds for own-account margin.
- Approved custodian requirements
- Client funds must be deposited immediately with a central bank or CRR credit institution in segregated trust accounts; mandatory Negative Balance Protection and prohibition of additional payment obligations (Nachschusspflicht) for retail CFDs.
EU MiCA CASP Authorisation & German KWG Crypto Custody (Kryptoverwahrgeschäft) / eWpG Electronic Securities
- Travel Rule, custody & stablecoin rules
- EU Transfer of Funds Regulation (TFR — Regulation (EU) 2023/1113) applies a EUR €0 threshold Travel Rule to all CASP transfers; strict IT security audits under DORA.
Primary Governing Statutes & Rulebooks
- German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz — KWG) & Investment Firm Act (Wertpapierinstitutsgesetz — WpIG)
- German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz — WpHG) & Capital Investment Code (KAGB)
- EU Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 (IFR) / Directive (EU) 2019/2034 (IFD) & MiFID II
- EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA — Regulation (EU) 2023/1114) & German FinmStFG / KMAG
Regulatory Reporting & Audit Obligations
Annual WpHG / KWG statutory audit conducted by an independent Wirtschaftsprüfer and filed with BaFin and Deutsche BundesbankMiFIR Art. 26 T+1 transaction reporting, EMIR Refit derivatives reporting, and DORA ICT incident reportingGwG (German Anti-Money Laundering Act) Money Laundering Officer (Geldwäschebeauftragter) appointment and FIU goAML filings
Cross-Border Equivalence & Passporting
Full EEA Freedom of Services (Art. 34 MiFID II / Art. 65 MiCA) and Freedom of Establishment passporting across all 27 EU Member States plus Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein.
Supervised institutions & BaFin licence records in our database
30 licence records referencing BaFin (25 regulated/registered, 5 flagged with warnings/revocations).
| Institution | Licence number | Status | Licensed legal entity | Effective date | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coinbase(Global network record) | 10158674 | Regulated | Coinbase Germany GmbH | — | |
| FxPro(Global network record) | 121095 | Registered | XPRO Financial Services Ltd | — | |
| CMCMarkets(Global network record) | 154814 | Revoked | CMC Markets Germany GmbH | 2019-08-07 | |
| Pepperstone(Global network record) | 151148 | Exceeded scope | Pepperstone GmbH | — | |
| Windsor Brokers(Global network record) | 120311 | Registered | Windsor Brokers Ltd. | — | |
| Admiral Markets(Global network record) | 122679 | Exceeded scope | Admiral Markets AS | 2009-07-29 | |
| BitGo(Global network record) | 50085544 / 157322 | Regulated | BitGo Europe GmbH | — | |
| Bitpanda(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Bitpanda | — | |
| Deutsche Bank AG(Global network record) | 10100003 | Regulated | DEUTSCHE BANK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT | — | |
| LeasePlanbank(Global network record) | 10142286 | Regulated | Ayvens Bank N.V. | 2015 | |
| Commerzbank(Global network record) | 10100005 | Regulated | COMMERZBANK Aktiengesellschaft | — | |
| DZ Bank(Global network record) | 10101261 | Regulated | DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank, Frankfurt am Main | — | |
| Berenberg Bank(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG | — | |
| Bitcoin.de(Global network record) | 10118938 | Regulated | futurum bank AG | — | |
| Cometum(Global network record) | 10133261 | Regulated | Effecta GmbH | — | |
| Finoa(Global network record) | 50085604 | Regulated | Finoa GmbH | 2023-02-24 | |
| Helaba(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale | — | |
| ING(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG | — | |
| KFW(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | KfW Capital GmbH & Co. KG | — | |
| LBBW(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Landesbank Baden-Württemberg | — | |
| Munich Re Bank(Global network record) | 10156805 | Regulated | Munich Re Investment Partners GmbH | — | |
| Mizuho Securities(Global network record) | 10115675 | Regulated | Mizuho Bank Europe N.V. | — | |
| FxFlat(Global network record) | 109603 | Exceeded scope | FXFlat Bank GmbH | -- | |
| Scalable Capital(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Scalable Capital GmbH | 2015 | |
| Bitpanda Wallet(Global network record) | HRB 258842 B | Regulated | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH | 2024 | |
| Bullish(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Bullish Europe GmbH | 2024 | |
| Anycoin Direct(Global network record) | 10157051 | Suspected clone | Anycoin Direct GmbH | 2024-03-01 | |
| Bit Capital(Global network record) | ISIN DE000A2N8127 | Regulated | BIT Capital GmbH | 2019 | |
| Bitwala GmbH(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Bitwala GmbH | — | |
| Tangany(Global network record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Tangany GmbH | — |
BaFin (Germany (European Union)): institutional licensing & due diligence FAQ
Key statutory capital, compensation, custody segregation, and verification answers for compliance teams.
What are the primary licensing classes and minimum capital requirements under BaFin (Germany (European Union))?
BaFin (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht) supervises financial institutions in Germany (European Union) under German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz — KWG) & Investment Firm Act (Wertpapierinstitutsgesetz — WpIG) and German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz — WpHG) & Capital Investment Code (KAGB). Key statutory authorisation classes include: WpIG Class 1 / 2 (§ 15 WpIG — Eigenhandel) (Securities Institution — Proprietary Dealing & Market Making — min. capital: EUR €750,000 initial capital (or EUR €5,000,000 for systemic Class 1 CRR-equivalent investment firms).); WpIG Medium / Small (§ 15 WpIG — Finanzkommission / Anlageverwaltung) (Securities Institution — Brokerage & Portfolio Management — min. capital: EUR €150,000 initial capital (if holding client money/securities) or EUR €75,000 (non-custodial advisory/transmission).); MiCA CASP (Art. 59–63 Reg (EU) 2023/1114) (Crypto-Asset Service Provider (Custody, Trading Platform & Exchange) — min. capital: EUR €150,000 (Class 3 Trading Platform), EUR €125,000 (Class 2 Custody & Exchange), or EUR €50,000 (Class 1 Advisory/Order Reception).). Ongoing prudential supervision requires strict adherence to capital adequacy and liquidity buffers.
Does BaFin provide statutory investor compensation and mandatory client asset segregation?
Under BaFin's framework, investor protection is governed by Entschädigungseinrichtung der Wertpapierhandelsunternehmen (EdW) / Entschädigungseinrichtung deutscher Banken (EdB) with maximum coverage of EUR €20,000 (90% of liabilities) for securities claims via EdW; EUR €100,000 per depositor for credit institutions via EdB (Retail and small corporate clients (institutional credit institutions, insurers, and public bodies excluded).). For client money and custody assets, supervised firms must comply with § 84 WpHG & MaComp BT 10 (Segregation of Client Financial Instruments and Funds), performing daily reconciliation of segregated escrow accounts (treuhandkonten); strict prohibition on using retail client funds for own-account margin. with client funds must be deposited immediately with a central bank or crr credit institution in segregated trust accounts; mandatory negative balance protection and prohibition of additional payment obligations (nachschusspflicht) for retail cfds..
How does BaFin regulate digital assets, crypto exchanges (VASPs/CASPs), and stablecoins?
BaFin's digital-asset regime is structured around EU MiCA CASP Authorisation & German KWG Crypto Custody (Kryptoverwahrgeschäft) / eWpG Electronic Securities (Fully operational EU MiCA CASP licensing regime (effective Dec 2024) + Electronic Securities Act (eWpG) for tokenized bonds and fund shares.). Custody and AML/CFT compliance obligations require: EU Transfer of Funds Regulation (TFR — Regulation (EU) 2023/1113) applies a EUR €0 threshold Travel Rule to all CASP transfers; strict IT security audits under DORA.
How can I verify an institution's BaFin licence number and check our 30 recorded licence entries?
Our database currently tracks 30 licence records referencing BaFin (25 marked regulated or registered). To verify a counterparty at the primary source, open BaFin's official public register (https://www.bafin.de/), search by the exact reference number and legal entity name, and confirm that the firm's domain and permitted activities match its statutory authorisation.
Related regulatory & market structure briefings
Research and compliance analysis from NFTVenue Ledger relevant to BaFin and Germany (European Union).
Tokenized Marketplaces
Tokenized Asset & NFT Marketplaces: Atomic Seaport Escrow, Royalty Enforcement, and VASP Travel Rule Scope
How hybrid off-chain order books with on-chain atomic settlement separate non-custodial protocol routing from regulated VASP custody.
DeFi Protocol Index
Decentralised Trading Venues: On-Chain Central Limit Order Books (CLOBs) vs. Concentrated Liquidity AMMs
Reference breakdown of execution latency, gas overhead, and liquidity-provider adverse selection across 456 decentralised trading and NFT venues.
Statutory licensing classes, base capital rules, and investor protection summaries for BaFin (Germany (European Union)) are maintained for institutional benchmarking and do not constitute legal advice. Always verify current rulebooks and active firm authorisations directly on BaFin’s official public register.